Financial Statements Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Statements Analysis - Research Paper Example Financial ratios enable to understand operating performance and financial condition of the company through profitability ratio, liquidity ratio, activity ratio, financial leverage ratio, and shareholders’ ratio. This assignment conducts a financial ratio analysis of two companies of Airline Industry; they are Lufthansa Airline (LH), and Emirates Airlines (EK). Financial ratios are evaluated using information from the income statement and balance sheet. These two documents are obtained from the websites (â€Å"Lufthansa Annual Report 2013†,n.d; â€Å"The Emirates Group Annual Report 2012-2013†). Financial ratios are evaluated for the years 2012, and 2013. Liquidity ratio measures short-term solvency – the ability of the company to meet its debt obligation. It is expressed through the financial ratios, such as Current ratio (CR) = Current assets / Current liabilities, and Quick ratio (QR) = (Cash + Marketable Securities + Receivables) / Current liabilities. It is expected that a company current assets will be higher than the current liability. The values of current ratios in Table 1 shows that Lufthansa can somehow cover its current obligation while Emirates has about 3 times current assets to cover its current liabilities. The quick ratio values show that LH is less liquid than EK; can only manage to repay less than 50% of its current liability using cash and cash equivalents. The industry average quick ratio is 0.4 (â€Å"Airline Industry†, n.d.); it shows that LH is on the line with the industry while EK is in a better position than most companies in the industry These ratios belong to the efficiency category; it shows how efficiently a company is using its assets. This assignment uses Inventory turnover (IT) = Cost of goods sold (COGS) / Inventory, Fixed asset turnover = Revenue / Fixed assets, Assets turnover = Revenue / Total asset, and Day’s sales outstanding (DSO) = 365 / Receivable turnover = 365 / (Revenue / Receivable) to

Marketing Requisites Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Requisites - Case Study Example For the same reason, the market, unable yet to recognize the trend, is falling short when it comes to the products aiming at the grey population. We have taken an example of a company, Saga, which specializes in the grey market related products specifically. This company too was running in the same old pattern, taking its clientele to be the conventional waving walking sticks kind. However, with its clientele fast adapting to the new times, the company fell short in appeasing the new generation of "silver surfers" with the kind of products they wanted. To keep up with the times, the company changed its strategy and tried to conform to the latest trends amongst the silver surfers. This was just one company. However, many companies are now waking up to this fact and are trying to turn their attention to the grey market around the world. In this case study, we are to prove how correctly targeting the grey market will help in increasing your clientele, as will your profits be affected. Kindly advance to the next segment of this case study; which we have divided in the form of headers and sub - headers, in order to segment the whole study to increase the understanding of the reader. Some people might argue that the grey market does not actually form a substantial part of consumer exploration, however, the argument seems to be getting stale as each day passes by. The truth is, the grey market today consists of many baby-boomers. This has led to a prominent change in the way these elderly think and plan their future. By grey market, we are considering people over fifty. These days, many studies have started referring the oldies as 'Gotys', meaning 'Getting Older, thinking Younger' and nothing was more closer to truth that this euphuism (Gabriel, 2008). The reason for this is that most people, who are in the 'grey' age group, have suddenly started showing more tilt towards the fun element in their lives. Many years of research have conformed the fact that the grey segment happens to be the wealthiest of the lot, holding 80% of the total wealth in UK alone. For the same reason, while most of the financial power is being controlled by the grey segment, aiming for th em could not have reaped better results at any other time. Some other statistics might come as shocking too - it is estimated that 49% of the grey population enjoys an active sex life (while more than half amongst those enjoy the marital bed), over 19% might try for online dating, 10% would also consider getting a plastic surgery done and 75% amongst them all have an extremely bright outlook towards life (OMD UK, 2006). While the grey population is estimated to reach 50% by the end of year 2048, most of these people are opting for unconventional lives. Unlike the older times, these silver surfers are more gung ho about adventure trips or the likes of gap years working abroad - hence being termed as the grown-up grappers. More than seventy percent of these people are free of all mortgages, while nine out of ten are in charge of their own home. As shocking as it may sound, these pensioners, silver surfers, elders etc alone make for an accumulative figure of pounds 500 billion. Apart from

Energy Strategy of the European Union and its Impact on Oil and Gas Assignment

Energy Strategy of the European Union and its Impact on Oil and Gas Industry - Assignment Example Several energy-related policies and ambitious measures are being planned and executed by the member states of EU in this account.To make these plans work out quickly and efficiently, additional emphasis must be laid on issues like attaining greater energy efficiency, tapping alternate sources of energy, maximising the use of renewable energy, and making use of nuclear power (Tindale, 2014). However, when an additional emphasis is laid on these above issues, it can influence the functioning of the oil and gas industries. Furthermore, in this venture, preserving the environment is also very much indispensable and so focusing on carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is also important (Tindale, 2014). So, this report will focus on the EU’s energy strategy and its impact on the oil and gas industries. Apart from the above-discussed political scenario, the need to come up with environment-friendly energy options has prompted EU to come up with energy efficiency policies from the start of the new millennium. That is, from the mid-2000s, EU has been setting targets for its member countries to improve its energy efficiency on short-term and importantly long-term basis. Long-term basis in the sense, at the end of 2006, the EU pledged to reduce its annual consumption of primary energy options of fossil fuels by 20% by 2020. On the same lines, the European Commission as a policy directive also framed the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) for the EU, which establishes a general agenda for the promotion of energy efficiency within the member states. The main objective of the EED is to aid the EU’s member states to achieve a target of saving 20% of their energy consumption by 2020. According to the European Commission, the EU is on track to achieve a 20% reduction in 2020, 30% in 203 0, and importantly the long-term target 80% reduction in 2050 (Ea Energy Analyses, 2012). According to EU’s policies, the member states are stipulated to achieve energy efficiency in the above-depicted sectors including industries, transport, household, and importantly power or energy generation sector (European Commission, 2013). In the households, people are provided with individual metering scheme along with free of cost access to real-time energy consumption data which would help them in managing their energy consumption in a far better manner.

Procter and Gamble Company Essay Example for Free

Procter and Gamble Company Essay Background Procter and Gamble was formed by James Gamble William Procter in 1837 by a candle manufacturer Procter and a soap manufacturer Gamble. This consumer product company started with a vision to grow to a $33 billion company and by 1879 it started selling its products directly to the consumers, by 1890 it has gained its legal corporation and ever since it has doubled it sales every ten years. PG growth was driven by innovation not optimization. Radical innovation served as their backbone to success with other factors such as geographic expansion, product line extensions and acquisitions contributing to its growth. Some of its famous and successful acquisitions were, Duncan Hines, Clorox, charmin Paper mills, Folgers Coffee, NorwichEaton, Vicks (NyQuil), Noxell and Max Factor. It also recieves  the credit for developing innovative and advanced technology based products during 1940’s such as Tide, Crest,Pampers, Bounce etc.By the end of 1980’s PG had its operations in 58 countries,its reputation was built with its new product development strategiesÍ ¾ they produced varied range of consumer products such that these products should meet â€Å"basic consumer needs† and create â€Å"superior total value† creating a brand image for the company. As noted in Kevin Kelly’s quote â€Å"Wealth in new regime flows directly from innovation and not optimization†, i.e. wealth is not gained by perfecting the known, but imperfecting the unknown. PG successfully used this strategy to earn its reputation as one of the largest company in Cincinnati in 1895 and in 1995 earned the National Medal of technology, the highest given award in United states. PG was also known for its strong ethics, values and recruiting the best and brightest. RD was a major focus of PG. In 1995 PG spent 1.3billion on RD,and emphasis was laid on combination of multiple RD competencies and there were a lot of cross fertilization of technology. They also had an attractive work culture, employee compensation and had a structure in place which assured employees of growing within the organization with its up through the rank approach which fostered innovation. In the process of growing, PG moved out of their old tradition of new product development and concentrated completely on the global expansion and development of existing products. With structured product  sectors in place, PG had some difficulty fitting some new product idea into any of the available category which led to the rejection on various novel ideas. In 1993, the company started the Strengthening Global Effectiveness (SGE) with the goal of increasing profits through cost reduction which was achieved by reengineering  and reformation of distribution and manufacturing. This led to a successful increase in profits from 10% to 17% in a year. In the same year, CEO John Pepper said that their was an urge for developments of new brands in order to fulfill the companies longtime goals of increasing their sales. Mark Collar, Vice President and General Manager of New Business Development and a part of SGE said that a breakthrough is required to manage and accelerate the company’s innovation process. In addition, the concept of cross fertilization was fading out gradually so their was a requirement of a new innovation team that can incorporate the old traditions followed by the company during the 1960’s. Therefore this lead to the formation of Innovation Leadership Team (ILT) in 1993. The top seven officers of the company were a part of this team: John Pepper(Chairman and CEO)Í ¾ Durk Jager(President and COO)Í ¾ Wolfgang Berndt(Executive VP North America)Í ¾ Gordon Brunner(Senior VP Research and Development)Í ¾ Gary Martin(Senior VP Information Services and Product Supply) and Eric Nelson(Senior VP and CFO)Í ¾ Robert Wehling (Senior VP Advertising and Market Research). The ILT’s responsibility is to investigate the portfolio of the projects under development and projects on shelf, select valuable projects that add value to the firm. Soon Corporate Innovation Fund(CIF) was established for the funding the research on new products developments. The employees can report projects irrespective of their sector and obtain approval at very fast pace on appropriate projects.

Receptor Activator of NK-κB for Tumor Cells

Receptor Activator of NK-ÃŽ ºB for Tumor Cells Introduction Cancers figure among the leading causes of death worldwide, accounting for 8.2 million deaths in 2012 .Lung, liver, stomach, colorectal and breast cancers cause the most cancer deaths each year. It is expected that annual cancer cases will rise from 14 million in 2012 to 22 within the next two decades Over the past several years, proteolytic cleavage and release of the ectodomain of membrane-bound proteins, also referred to as ectodomain shedding, has emerged as an important posttranslational regulatory mechanism for modifying the function of cell surface proteins. The cleavage of RANK should decrease its availability on osteoclasts and their precursors and simultaneously generate soluble decoy receptors that may inhibit the RANKL–RANK association and their by NFkB signaling[27] It was previously demonstrated that tumor cells express RANK and activate RANKL-RANK pathway. The RANK/RANKL axis emerges as a key regulator of breast cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. In addition, RANKL can protect breast cancer cells from apoptosis in response to DNA damage, as well as control the self-renewal and anchorage-independent growth of tumor initiating cells [13]. In a recent study it’s demonstrated that NK-ÃŽ ºB Signaling could be blocked by Enterokinase by cleavage of RANK (Receptor Activator of NK-ÃŽ ºB), suggests its possible application in treating diseases like Osteoporosis, cancer and diseases associated with bone loss [14]. Enterospeptidase could specifically cleave RANK on the sequence NEEDK was demonstrated by a surrogate peptide blocking assay [28] Enteropeptidase All animals need to digest exogenous macromolecules without destroying similar endogenous constituents. The regulation of digestive enzymes is, therefore, a fundamental requirement. Vertebrates have solved this problem, in part, by using a two-step enzymatic cascade to convert pancreatic zymogens to active enzymes in the lumen of the gut. Enteropeptidase (synonym: enterokinase [E.C.3.4.21.9]) is aglycoprotein enzymeof the digestive tract was discovered, by N. P. Schepovalnikow in 1899 in Russia (Walther 1900), as a element that is present in the duodenum and which can capable of activating pancreatic juice to digest fibrin. Enteropeptidase converts trypsinogen (a zymogen) convert into its active form trypsin by enteropeptidase, with selective cleavage of 6-Lys-|-Ile-7 bond which causes subsequent activation of digestive enzymes in pancreatic secretions. Subsequent activation of trypsin,it cleaves and activates other zymogens in pancreatic secretions,including chymotrypsinogen, proelastase, procarboxypeptidases, and some prolipases [1] In almost all vertebrate species, a short trypsinogen activation peptide is released that terminates with the sequence Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Lys(DDDK) (2). except for the similar sequences of trypsinogens from lungfish (IEEDK and LEDDK) and African clawed frog (FDDDK). The unique enteropeptidase substrate specificity has been exploited in protein engineering. The enteropepetidase recognizing sequence DDDDK↓I is often used in recombinant proteins that necessitate specific cleavage.Enteropeptidases specificity for its recognizing sequence makes it an ideal tool in biochemical applications; following protein purification enteropeptidase can cleave a fusion protein containing a C-terminal tag (such as poly-His) linked by this sequence to obtain the target protein 1.1 Enteropeptidase 1.1.1 Enteropeptidase expression: Enterokinase is believed to be Exclusively produced in the brush border by enterocytes and goblet cells of the duodenal mucosa, the enteropeptidase is ubiquitously distributed among vertebrates (Eggermont et al., 1971a,b; Rinderknecht, 1986; Mithoshi et al., 1990). It secreted in to the small intestine. It lacks in crypts but found substantialiy in villous enterocytes and maximal in the upper half of the villi, partucilarly on the brush border. enteropeptidaseis secreted from glands following the entry of swallowed food passing from the intestin. It resists destruction from the various enzymes in the small intestine but is destroyed by bacteria in the large intestine. It has been purified from several sources including porcine (Barrati et al., 1973), bovine (Anderson et al.; Liepnieks and Light, 1979), human (Kitamoto et al., 1995), murine (Yang et al., 1998) and rat intestine (Yahagi et al., 1996). In all cases the protease seems to be expressed as a single-chain precursor, which must be cleaved to achieve the native disulfide-linked heterodimer, in the case of human enteropeptidase consisting of an 86 kDa heavy chain and a 28 kDa light chain. Most of the structural elements are highly conserved, especially between human, bovine and porcine enteropeptidase, which share more than 80% identity in their amino acid sequences. The heavy chain, which contains various domains including membranespanning hydrophobic membrane anchors, several receptorlike motifs and up to 10 intramolecular disulfide bridges, is responsible for specific macromolecular substrate recognition (Lu et al., 1997; Mikhailova et al., 2007). The light chain is connected to the heavy chain via one disulfide e bridge and contains the classical catalytic triad (His57, Asp102 and Ser195 in chymotrypsin numbering) with up to four intramolecular  disulfide bridges. The small and catalytically active light chain offers especially high potential for biotechnological applications, and several attempts to understand and improve the functionality of this protease have been made (Lu et al., 1999; Liew et al., 2007; Shahravan et al., 2008). et al., 2004), Lu et al. (1997) have determined the crystal structure of a bovine light chain complex with a trypsinogen activation peptide analogue at a resolution of 2.3 A  ° . Human enteropeptidase has been recombinantly expressed in E.coli by Gasparian et al. (2003), although this resulted in insoluble aggregates and no crystal structure has yet been reported. The subsequent refolding via 6 M guanidinium chloride resulted in a total refolding yield of 2% after two cycles of renaturation. Enteropeptidase is serine protease it’s a heterodimer of a multidomain heavy chain and a catalytic light chain linked by a disulfide bond . Enteropeptidase anchored to intestinal brush border of duodenal enterocytes by a transmem brane segment in the a 82–140 kDa heavy chain and a 35–62 kDa light chain which consist the catalytic subunit. Replacement of the transmembrane domain by a cleavable signal peptide does not impair trypsinogen activation, indicating that membrane association is not  required for substrate recognition (Lu et al., 1997)..[3]Enteropeptidase is a part of the  chymotrypsin-group of serine proteases, and is structurally resemble to these proteins.[4] 1.1.2. Enteropeptidase gene ontology: In humans, PRSS7 gene (also known as ENTK) encodes enteropeptidase enzyme on chromosome 21q21. The gene spans ~90-kb in length and has 25 exons .Enteropeptidase mRNA is expressed majorly in the duodenum and, at poor levels, in the proximal section of jejunum. The human enteropeptidase cDNA open reading frame of encodes a 1019 amino acids Type II transmembrane protein with a calculated mass of 113kDa and with particularly 17 potential N-linked glycosylation sites. Few frameshift and nonsense mutations in this gene lead to a rare recessive condition characterized by severe failure to thrive in affected newborns, because of enteropeptidase deficiency.[6] Conversely, duodenopancreatic reflux of proteolytically active enteropeptidase may cause acute and chronic pancreatitis. 1.1.4 Structure Bovine enteropeptidase is synthesized as a single-chain precursor of 1035 amino acid residues (5) that appears to require proteolytic activation, suggesting that enteropeptidase may not be the â€Å"first† protease of the digestive hydrolase cascade. Active enteropeptidase has been cleaved after Arg-800 to produce a disulfide-linked heterodimer with an amino-terminal 120-kDa heavy chain and a 47-kDa light chain; 40% of the actual mass of these polypeptides is due to glycosylation (6, 7). The deduced amino acid sequences suggested that from a single-chain precursor, active two-chain enteropepetidase is derived. A potential sigal-anchor (SA) sequence near the amino terminus mediates membrane association of enter peptidase in intestine. The amino-terminal heavy chain consist the domains that are homologous to sections of the low density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR), two repeats found in complement serine proteases C1r and C1s, a MAM domain (so named for similar motifs first identified in the metalloprotease meprin, the Xenopus laevis neuronal recognition proteinA5, and protein-tyrosine phosphatase Mu), and a macrophage scavenger receptor cysteine-rich repeat ( MSCR). The light chain is a typical chymotrypsin-like serine protease. The activation cleavage site between the heavy and light chains has the sequence Val-Ser-Pro-Lys2Ile, which might be recognized by trypsin or other trypsin-like proteases. The carboxyl-terminal catalytic light chain is homologous to the class of trypsin-like serine proteases. Therefore, enteropeptidase is a mosaic protein with a complex evolutionary history. The enteropeptidase light chain amino acid sequence surrounding the amino terminus is ITPK-IVGG (human) or VSPK-IVGG (bovine), supporting that unidentified trypsin-like protease that cleaves Lys-fle bond to activate single-chain enteropeptidase.Therefore, enterokinase may not be the first enzyme of the cascade of intestinal digestive hydrolases. Enteropeptidase specificity for the DDDDK-I sequence of trpsinogen may be described by complementary basic-amino acid residues grouped in potential S2-S5 subsites. 1.1.3 enterokinase deficiency Therefore, enterokinase has been recognized to play a key role in regulating intestinal protein digestion. Certainly, patients with primary enterokinase deficiency, a genetic disorder with little or no enterokinase activity in the duodenum, have been reported to suffer from malabsorption and malnutrition, predominantly in infancy, and need to take drugs containing pancreatic enzyme mixture for recovery [2]. Because of its physiological importance, there have been a number of studies on the purification and characterization of enterokinase from various species [3-9] 1.1.5  Applications Entero kinase as Biotechnology tool Protein purification is frequently aided by use of protein tags: therefore, fusion proteins or chimeric proteins produced by recombinant DNA technology are utilized in the forefront of protein science research for applications as various as vaccine development, biochemical purification, immunodetection, functional genomics, analysis of protein trafficking, protein therapies, and analyses of protein– nucleic acid or protein–protein interactions (Beckwith 2000). In structural biology, where milligram amounts of homogeneous protein sample are generally required, the most common usefulness of chimeras participates in the separation of the fusion protein from the cell lysate by affinity chromatography. The most common affinity tags include E. coli thioredoxin (TRX; LaVallie et al. 2000),the hexa-histidine (His-tag; Bornhorst and Falke 2000), Schistosoma japonicum glutathione-S-transferase (GST; Smith 2000), Escherichia coli maltose-binding  protein (MBP; Sachdev and Chirgw in 2000)and avidin/streptavidin Strep tags (Skerra and Schmidt 2000). A number of other tags have also been developed (Stevens 2000). To produce crystals of a protein of interest to study its structure such as X-ray diffraction studies, bulky-affinity tags, such as MBP or GST, are generally removed using site-specific proteases in the engineered linker region, followed by purification to isolate the protein of interest from the affinity tag fusion protein and the used protease . However, certain problems may be faced during the cleavage step, including failure to recover active or structurally intact protein, high price of proteases (e.g., factor Xa and enterokinase),low yield, precipitation of the target protein or tedious optimization of cleavage conditions. Recent estimates indicate using a His-tag, maybe one-third to one-half of all proteins of prokaryotes cannot be overexpressed in bacteria as a soluble form (Edwards et al. 2000; Stevens 2000). This number is may higher for eukaryotic proteins, indicated by three latest high throughput studies (Braun et al. 2002; Hammarstrom et al. 2002; Shih et al. 2002), specifically bigger multi domain proteins. In E. coli, if the problem of insoluble expression of the His-tagged protein is faced, one or more of the following options are usually explored: varying culture growth conditions, chaperones co-expression, altering cell lines, or changing to a different affinity tag such as, TRX, MBP, GST or NusA Apart from affinity purification, the large-affinity tags offer numerous advantages. In a recent report, compared to the His-tag expression, TRX and MBP improved the solubility and expression of a set of 32, less than 20 kD small human of proteins in E. coli (Hammarstrom et al. 2002). For the sets of 32 larger human proteins (17–158kD; Braun et al. 2002) and 40 proteins of eukaryotes (9–100 kD; Shih et al. 2002), the large-affinity tags MBP (40 kD), NusA (54 kD), and GST (26 kD) were shown to be helpful in enhabcing the yield of soluble protein. One of the significant features of enteropeptidase is its exclusive substrate specificity, which recognizes Lys at P1 and a group of four Asp amino acid at P2-P5. Within this recognition sequence, a Lys or Arg residue at P1 and Lys residues at P2 and P3 seems to be highly essential for efficient cleavage (87). The structural factors for enteropeptidase substrate specificity have been contained in its catalytic light chain. There is a cluster of four conserved basic residues, R/KRRK at sites 96–99, which were assumed to interact with the acidic P2-P5 residues in the trypsinogen activation spot (74). Lys99 residue was found to have extensive contacts with the P2 and P4 Asp residues indicated in crystal structure of enteropeptidase light chain of bovine, (22). Lys99 amino acid is conserved in enteropeptidase from various species. Substitution of Lys99 with Alanine by site directed mutagenesis blocked enteropeptidase from activating trypsinogen. In compare, Lys96, Arg97 substituti on, and Arg98 residues on activity of bovine enteropeptidase had less significant effects (22). The exclusive enteropeptidase specificity for its substrate has been exploited in protein engineering. The DDDDK↓I sequence is ofen used in recombinant proteins where specific cleavage is required. Enteropeptidase has a high potential as a fusion protein cleavage reagent, because of high specificity for the amino-acid sequence (Asp) 4Lys,. An important benefit of enteropeptidase is that no crucial specificity residues are positioned on the C-terminal side of the scissile bond in its recognition site .Accordingly, when an affinity tag is linked to N-terminus the protein of interest,in maximum cases enteropeptidase is able to produce a digestion product with a native N-terminus. A study inspecting the significance of the P1–P5 positions concluded that the P1 lysine was the most important specificity element, followed by the aspartate amino acids in the P2, P3, P5 and P4 positions, respectively, with the latter position donating very little to specificity In an effort to improve the utility of enteropeptidase for processing fusion proteins and to better understand its structure and function Activating Proteses The N-terminal pro-sequence of proteases which must be cleaved prior to activation can be mutated to enable activation with enteropeptidase.[7] Target for Obesity Treatment Congenital enteropeptidase deficiency now days attracted attention as a novel target for obesity Treatment, among the identified genetic diseases related with starvation human phenotype, Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder, in which various environmental factors and several genes are involved [1], [2]. Previous research targeting to develop drugs for treatment of obesity and type II diabetes has targeted genes that are linked with a fat human phenotype. Certainly, substantial work has been dedicated to participates developing drugs against these so called â€Å"obesity genes,† all of which are, directly or indirectly, in energy controlling; e.g., control of appetite, energy generation; carbohydrate and protein metabolisms, satiety, or thermogenesis, fatty acid, etc. [3], [4]. However, in humans, obesity is hardly attributable to the role of a single gene (wild or mutated). Additionally, the high redundancy of genes participates in energy management makes it unlikely that obesity will ever be controlled by affecting just one gene The foregoing proposes that EP activity may aid as selective and competent target for metabolic disorders treatment. While complete of blocking enteropeptidase would cause the unwanted side effects observed in patients affected by CEP, partial inhibition should reduce the efficacy of energy absorption through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. A 15–20% decrease in the daily absorption of deriving energy from both fatty acids and proteins should have a major influence on long-term weight controlling, and it should be an extra effective weight-control measure than a treatment centered only on pancreatic lipase inhibitors such as Alli or Xenical. It should be noted that these drugs endorse the buildup of undigested lipids in the intestinal tract, causing in leaky stool and diarrhea. An additional benefit of partial enteropeptidase inhibition is that the combination of undigested proteins and lipids would be more reliable than just fat, debatably fading or suppressing the above unpl easant effects.

Stephen Dedalus in James Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Ma

Stephen Dedalus in James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man When the soul of a man is born in this country there are nets flung at it to hold it back from flight. You talk to me of nationality, language, religion. I shall try to fly by those nets The spirit of Ireland is embodied in young Stephen Dedalus, the central character of James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Like the Dedalus of Greek myth, Stephen must grow wings so that he may fly above the tribulations of his life. As he matures, Dedalus begins to understand his position in life, and decides to rise above the turbulent Ireland of the early 1900s in a rebellion against society, a struggle against his beliefs and a struggle against his heritage. Joyce wrote A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man in the decade preceding its first publication in 1916. The early 1900s was a turbulent time for Ireland, a time in which many groups and individuals were making pushes for an Independent Ireland. Joyce brings Irish politics in as a major theme for Stephen Dedalus to address. Stephen often Idolizes or admonishes different characters in Ireland's political landscape. Among these revolutionaries were the IRB (Irish Republican Brotherhood), Charles Steward Parnell, The revolutionaries of the 1916 Easter Rising and Sinn Fein. In the same year A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man was published, between 1000 and 1500 Irish patriots tried to capture the town of Dublin on Easter Day. The Easter Rising, as it was called, led to the death of approximately 1000 Irishmen and 500 Britons. Of the 1000 Irishmen, many were women and children, while of the 500 Britons; all were either soldiers or policemen. The Easter Rising was not a spontaneous ev... ...k, Rev. Timothy D. The Dedalus Factor: Einstein's Science and Joyce's Portrait of the Artist. The Modern World. 4 April 2002 http://www.themodernword.com/joyce/joyce_paper_clark.html The Early Years. Joyce and his time. 4 April 2002 http://web.nwe.ufl.edu/~kershner/bioa.html Fitzgibbon, Constantine. 1916 Easter Rising. 1916 The Rising. 4 April 2002 http://www.users.bigpond.com/kirwilli/1916/ James Joyce. Ultima actualizacion. 4 April 2002 http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~vfores/joyce.html Mythography. The Legend of Daedalus in Myth and Art. Mythography. 4 April 2002 http://www.loggia.com/myth/daedalus.html Niebuhr, Reinhold. The Serenity Prayer. Bread on the Waters. 21 April 2002 http://www.cptryon.org/prayer/special/serenity.html Timeline. James Joyce Resource center. 4 April 2002 http://english.ohio-state.edu/organizations/ijjf/jrc/jrctimel.htm

Garden Design for the Blind :: Architecture Design Essays

Garden Design for the Blind It is a commonly known fact that the removal of one sense sharpens and enhances the perception of the others. We as humans are very centered on sight, and we tend to give less weight to our other senses when it comes to perceiving the world around us. For the most part, our environment tends to consist of designs made for us to experience visually. We do recognize sound as important, but when we are not actively listening to music or speech, sound tends to fade into the background. While we don’t really notice it’s there, sound serves to give us many clues about our surroundings. Our sense of touch is also important in many ways. We can use it actively, feeling many aspects of the world around us; a simple touch can read the temperature, surface texture, and hardness, among other things, of an object in our surroundings. We also possess a sense of kinesthesia, which involves cues from our muscles that give us information about the way our bodies are moving through space. An important component of this system is our balance system in our middle ear. This lets us know when we are or are not in a vertical position. Our leg muscles can tell us the conditions of the surface upon which we are walking and how far we have traveled. Easily the most overlooked sense is the sense of smell. Most of us rarely think about it, but studies have shown that of all the external stimuli that affect the way we do things, odor might be the biggest influence on our behavior. Scent is a major component of memory, especially of pleasant memories. A whiff of a particular smell, perhaps lavender, might bring back memories of weekends at Grandma’s house, where the linen closet was scented with lavender sachets. Studies have linked changes in emotion and even basic instincts to our sense of smell. The French have a restaurant called â€Å"dans le noir?† (or â€Å"in the dark?†) in which seeing people get an experience that is almost like being blind. They are guided to a table by waiters, some blind and some sighted; they eat their entire meal in the complete darkness. The principle behind this is that in the absence of sight, all the other senses are heightened.