The Wage Gap essays

The Wage Gap essays Wage inequality has been extensively studied both by Schiller and Becker. These two theorists provide different theoretical explanations as to why there is a prevalent wage gap in society. Becker refers to rational choice as a cause of wage inequality, while Schiller believes the wage gap results from different societal discrimination's. Schiller suggests that wage inequality is rooted in discrimination in the labor market. The three types of discrimination that affect the wage gap are racial, class, and sex discrimination. Discrimination may lead to reduced opportunity and subsequent depressed incomes for certain Racial discrimination is prevalent at the lower ends of the labor market, which results in a concentrated representation of racial minorities in poverty. There are substantial gaps in rates of poverty across race, which could be attributed to discrimination. The gap in average incomes between whites and non-whites is $24,000, and unemployment rates for Whites, Hispanics and Blacks are approximately 4%, 6% and 8% respectively, Racial discrimination manifests itself in a few different ways. In non-market discrimination, differences in incomes are a result of differences in schooling. In past labor discrimination, previous discrimination results in minorities being less experienced, less skilled, and with lower seniority. Finally, there is also current discrimination in Schiller suggests that controlling for years of schooling reduces the gap in earnings, but there are fundamental differences in the quality of schooling received. The wage gap would diminish more if differences in the quality of schooling could be controlled for. Schiller claims that much of the evident disparity in earnings between races can be attributed to prior, non-market discrimination, and that most of the problems of inequality ...

Demonym Definition and Examples in English

Demonym Definition and Examples in English A demonym is a  name for the people who live in a particular place, such as Londoners, Dallasites, Manilans, Dubliners, Torontonians, and Melburnians. Also known as a  gentilic or nationality word. The term demonym -   from the Greek for people and name - was coined (or at least popularized) by lexicographer Paul Dickson. The word was created, Dickson says, to fill a void in the language for those common terms which define a person geographically - for example, Angeleno for a person from Los Angeles (Family Words, 2007). Examples and Observations Often the name of a peoples language is the same as the demonym. Some places, particularly smaller cities and towns, may not have an established demonym for their residents.(Denoting: Webster’s Quotations, Facts, and Phrases. Icon Group, 2008)Barabooians, Fergusites, and HaligoniansA Barabooian is a person who resides in Baraboo, Wisconsin. Someone who lives in Fergus Falls, Minnesota is a Fergusite. A Dane lives in Denmark, and a Florentine hails from Florence, Italy. An indispensable book for the study of demonyms is Paul Dicksons Labels for Locals: What to Call People From Abilene to Zimbabwe (1997). There are some rather complex rules for creating demonyms, but Dickson stated that people in a place tend to decide what they will call themselves, whether they be Angelenos (from Los Angeles) or Haligonians (from Halifax, Nova Scotia) (p. x).(Dale D. Johnson et al., Logology: Word and Language Play. Vocabulary Instruction: Research to Practice, eds. J. F. Baumann and E. J. Kam eenui. Guilford Press, 2003) Hoosiers, Tar Heels, and WashingtoniansOver time I have learned that people are concerned about what others call them. Call a person from Indiana an Indianan or Indianian and you will be told in no uncertain terms that the proper form of address is Hoosier. North Carolinian is acceptable but not to those who prefer to be called Tar Heels, and when it comes to Utah the folks there prefer Utahn over Utaan or Utahan. Phoenicians lived and live in antiquity - and Arizona - while Colombians are from South America, not the District of Columbia, where Washingtonians reside. These Washingtonians are not be mistaken for those Washingtonians who live around Puget Sound.(Paul Dickson, Labels for Locals: What to Call People From Abilene to Zimbabwe. Collins, 2006)Mancunians, Hartlepudlians, and Varsovians[W]hen I happened to be writing about lacrosse in Manchester, England, I worked in the word Mancunian three times in one short paragraph. It was the second-best demonym Id ever heard, almost m atching Vallisoletano (a citizen of Valladolid). The planet, of course, is covered with demonyms, and after scouring the world in conversations on this topic with Mary Norris I began a severely selective, highly subjective A-list, extending Mancunian and Vallisoletano through thirty-five others at this writing, including Wulfrunian (Wolverhampton), Novocastrian (Newcastle), Trifluvian (Trois-Rivià ¨res), Leodensian (Leeds), Minneapolitan (Minneapolis), Hartlepudlian (Hartlepool), Liverpudlian (you knew it), Haligonian (Halifax), Varsovian (Warsaw), Providentian (Providence), and Tridentine (Trent).(John McPhee, Draft No. 4. The New Yorker, April 29, 2013) BaltimoreansThe Baltimoreans are a peculiar people. They love their city with a pious affection, and wherever they roam in search of health, wealth, or pleasure they always turn to Baltimore as to the Mecca of their heart. Yet, whenever three or four Baltimoreans are together, at home or abroad, they abuse Baltimore without stint.(The No Name Magazine, 1890)The Lighter Side of Demonyms[T]he point is that the great majority of Baltimorons saw nothing strange about the proceeding of the cops, and showed absolutely no indignation over it.(H.L. Mencken, The Style of Woodrow. Smart Set, June 1922)If we gave the name Poles to people who live in Poland, why werent the inhabitants of Holland called Holes?(Denis Norden, Words Flail Me. Logophile, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1979) Pronunciation: DEM-uh-nim

Business plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business plan - Research Paper Example Under Knowledge Store’s strategic marketing plan/approach, it will continuously monitor potential benefits/opportunities offered by the new line of products/books, tapes and DVDs to ascertain its financial viability (Zanoni, 2011). Ansoff Model In order to meet the above objectives, Knowledge Store can use Ansoff matrix/model to make decisions regarding the books, tapes and DVDs marketing growth strategies. It will used to ascertain strategic priorities regarding the launch of this new product line to attract more customers, expand the existing market share and to increase sales revenue earnings (Grewal & Levy, 2011). It helps in creating a logical platform on which the above objectives are developed, following different mix categories shown in the diagram below. Fig. 1.0: Ansoff Model Moreover, Ansoff’s matrix is employed to determine the books, tapes and DVDs e-marketing strategies that will help in meeting the objectives of increasing the customer base and market sha re. This will be facilitated by the use of internet services, which reach more customers segments in different geographic markets across the globe (Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, 2010). Knowledge Store Marketing Mix The 7Ps of marketing that the store applies currently include, people, product, price, promotion, place, process, and physical evidence. They determine the success of the business if well articulated. In business, the 7ps are called the marketing mix and are available to the authority managing the store affairs. Primarily, the marketing mix combines the product and service aspects, thereby making the 7ps. For the case of Knowledge Store Store, the marketing mix is considered in the situation of books, tapes and DVDs products marketing. The report outlines the various ways, in which the store has used the elements in improving the books, tapes and DVDs products and marketing plan for the business operations (Shimp, 2007). People In reality, the people are the most important a spect of the marketing mix, an issue that the store had recognized. For instance, the use of books, tapes and DVDs products is capable of altering the dynamics, which surround those delivering the books, tapes and DVDs products. Product Through improved books, tapes and DVDs technology, the store has provided a means of delivering new and unique products, which are intended to match many other available products. Besides, the purely new products are presumed to develop new business opportunities for the store. Some of the products they make are in line with the technological development Price Pricing of the books, tapes and DVDs products that Knowledge Store intends to supply is very significant in determining the overall sales volume. Promotion Carrying out promotion is one of the means through which Knowledge Store can create awareness on its new products line. For Knowledge Store Store, the books, tapes and DVDs products provide them with many opportunities for doing promotion to sensitize the public on the products. Place Knowledge Store can create a new interaction place for their consumers so that the communication between them could be cordial, easy and with maximum efficiency, especially on its new product line/ books, tapes and DVDs. Process The issues relating to the process involve the channel through which

Competitive Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Competitive Strategy - Essay Example South African Breweries had acquired Miller Brewing Company in 2002 and had become SABMiller. The third task is to explain the implications of its current strategic position for the future of SABMiller. Finally the paper will recommend the strategies that South African Breweries (and SABMiller) should follow in the coming years. South African Breweries was started in 1895 mainly to cater to the growing mining population in Johannesburg, what is now South Africa. Throughout the existence of the company, it has recorded consistent growth through entry into new markets and acquisitions. The company could also survive the turbulent period of the two World Wars and the eventual abolition of apartheid. In 1962, the company found a new domestic market segment when the government lifted a long lasting prohibition of alcohol consumption by blacks. The company had also entered into other diverse fields such as safety matches, glass making, hospitality, gaming, and textiles. The company also followed its strategic plans by rapidly expanding into Eastern Europe and other developing economies in Asia like China and India. It has presence in markets located in Africa, Asia, Latin America, North America and Europe. SABMiller has more than 200 types or brands of beer and employees nearly 60,000 by the parent company alone. Its breakup of revenue according to markets and type of business is given below. Competitive Strategy: According to the famous management theorist and author, Michael Porter every large organization will have two sets of strategies. One is for expansion of its business referred to as competitive strategy and the other for the survival and growth of the organization as a whole referred to as corporate strategy. (Porter 1998, 117). Competitive strategy is easy to conceive in the mind but difficult to define, because of the sheer diversity in different forms of businesses, markets and the type of leadership or

Commercial Reading Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Commercial Reading Programs - Essay Example This essay considers general aspects of these programs, and the various ways they can be utilized in the 8th grade language arts curriculum. The Great Leaps reading program is a commercial reading program that is targeted to improve student fluency, phonics, and motivation. In terms of background elements, the program is recognized as being a research-based program that incorporates education theory and studies in the construction of its instructional methods. It’s indicated that the program has been adopted by a wide-variety of educational programs. Statistical research has also demonstrated that the program has been highly successful in aiding students in special education programs, including students with dyslexia. The program itself is designed to be an efficient means of advancing language arts comprehension. For instance, the student’s in the program spend only ten minutes per day working with the instructor and the materials. This allows for the program to be imp lemented as an after-school or augmented education program that doesn’t overly occupy the student’s time. The program contains a student manual and an instructor manual that are targeted for the learner’s age and reading deficiencies. ... One of the effective uses of the reading program would be for the in-class 8th grade special education language arts curriculum. In these regards, there are a variety of ways the program could be used in this educational context. One of the major ways the program could be implemented is through its incorporation into the main curriculum. In these regards, the program could be implemented to advance student phonics understanding by identifying sounds in isolation. Specific patterns are taught to students in a progressive learning process. Students then advance to the study of prefixes and suffixes. The theory behind this is that these elements allow the educator to imbue the student with critical thinking skills to decode words and phrases they are not familiar with. At a different stage of student education the instructor can incorporate sight phrases to advance student reading comprehension. In these regards, high frequency words are instructed to students. Through this mode of inst ruction the student learns to identify word meanings with these phrases as a means of improving reading efficiency. The final stage of instruction involves reading fluency. In this stage the instructor has the student read age appropriate stories while they listen for aspects of comprehension, fluency, and pronunciation. In the 8th grade special education language arts classroom dividing students into reading groups based on comprehension level could institute this program. The instructor could then implement a teaching assistant or work in rotation with the different groups. This way the students would receive instruction designed for their specific level of reading development in an efficient and effective way. Another prominent reading program is the Reading Blaster program. Whereas

Direct Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Direct Marketing - Assignment Example 1) Cost – As the cost of per target promotion in direct marketing tends to be substantially higher than that in case of mass marketing, marketers must send their message to a limited audience only, as sending the message to general audience at large with very few of them likely to respond positively or getting converted may increase the cost manifold and thus cause a lot of marketing dollar wastage. 2) Customer irritation – As direct marketing communication tends to be longer and more involving i.e. seek active participation of the customer, than traditional mass marketing communication, thus unnecessary and unsolicited message may lead to customer frustration, resultantly eroding brand equity. Thus in direct marketing it is important to come up with a list of the customers who would be most interested in the product offering and thus will be most likely to respond positively rather than non-responding or responding negatively by avoiding further communication. â€Å"Data Mining is the process of discovering interesting knowledge from large amounts of data stored either in databases, data warehouses, or other information repositories. Simply stated, data mining refers to extracting or "mining" knowledge from large amounts of data.† (Han and Kamber, 2006). According to Fayyad et al (1996), Data mining is an important process of discovering novel, implicit, useful and comprehensive knowledge from large amount of data. For Direct marketing it translates in to a description of likely buyers or responders and thus Data mining helps in securing better results, for a direct marketing campaign than a traditional mass marketing campaign For example - To develop marketing and service –delivery strategy, Harrah’s entertainment Inc., the gambling and hotel chain uses Data mining to target customers on individual basis for direct marketing. Using its sophisticated

Security and loss prevention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Security and loss prevention - Essay Example Fijnaut (1995) attributes growth in private security to economically motivated reactions to increased criminal-related losses. The growth in many private business properties such as recreational parks and mega shopping malls led to an increase in special crime-related problems as noted by Shearing and Stenning (1983). The high increase in crime during this period resulted in many businesses incurring a lot of losses. This prompted the need to use private security to guard the businesses instead of relying state security that did not provide quick response to crime (Fijnaut, 1995). The recent growth in technology has also contributed to the increase in private security. This is due to the facts that new, advanced surveillance technologies could be used which was not the case in earlier times. The new technologies reduced the cost of security, which then stimulated demand for private security services that were (and still are) more cost effective. Fijnaut (1995) also notes that the growth was also attributed to the fact that many large companies in the eighties had economic drives, which led to slimming down of their secondary functions. These companies therefore decided to shift to the use of private security to replace the guards. Privatization of secondary functions by the governments also led to the growth in private security. In this case Fijnaut (1995) notes that government agencies like the prisons and police services began contracting elementary duties such as those of receptionists and access controls and transport to private security firms. In order to promote growth in private security, most governments in Europe introduced legislations regulating private security firms. In this case, private companies are required to fulfill certain requirements before they can be licensed. This is to ensure that individual guards’ criminal records are checked as a selection procedure (Fijnaut, 1995). This enabled those